Although the proportion of the fertilizer industry in the entire petrochemical industry has declined year by year, its status as a big agricultural country remains unshakeable. During the “11th Five-Year Plan†period, the fertilizer industry achieved remarkable results. However, some problems in development are obvious to all. At present, the constraints on energy resources faced by the fertilizer industry are becoming increasingly prominent. The consumption of coal by the fertilizer industry accounts for a low proportion of total coal production and poor bargaining power; the national natural gas price reform plan has been introduced, and the price of natural gas for chemical fertilizers has remained difficult; sulfur resource prices are mainly determined by the international market, and foreign dependence is high; domestic potassium and imported Potassium and offshore potash fertilizer bases have yet to take shape and pose a threat to agricultural production and food security. The degree of industrial concentration still needs to be improved, and the issue of overcapacity still exists. Nitrogen fertilizer currently has an excess production capacity of 20%. A large amount of high-concentration phosphate fertilizer production capacity needs to be digested through exports. How to properly eliminate backward production capacity and maintain stable production capacity and orderly competition are important issues facing the government and the industry. Agrochemical services and scientific fertilization are developing slowly. Compound fertilizer and new fertilizer industry are mixed and it is difficult to promote scientific fertilization. Although there is no authoritative data on the use of fertilizers in China, there is indeed a problem of over-application and low fertilizer utilization in some areas. The task of increasing fertilizer utilization is urgent. How does the basic fertilizer enterprise run through the entire chain of fertilizer production-agricultural service-scientific fertilization, to maximize the benefits, and there has been no good model for a long time. During the “Twelfth Five-Year Plan†period, the rigid fertilizer demand still exists, but the consumption of chemical fertilizers in China is trending toward a peak. During the “Eleventh Five-Year Plan†period, annual consumption of fertilizers was 63 million to 66 million tons. Based on this, we put forward the target of 66.1 million tons of fertilizer demand in 2015. This goal is predictive, taking into account factors such as industry, agriculture, and scientific fertilization, but actual consumption may be lower than this goal. According to the current problems in the fertilizer industry, the “Twelfth Five-year Development Plan for Chemical Fertilizer Industry†put forward the main goals and key tasks for the development of the industry during the “Twelfth Five-Year Plan†period. First, we must ensure supply and maintain the basic stability of product prices. Nitrogen fertilizers and phosphate fertilizers continued to be self-sufficient, and the potash fertilizer protection capacity increased from 56% to over 60%. Fertilizer varieties and services basically meet the needs of scientific fertilization. The total amount should not be increased significantly. Instead, the dominant capacity should be used to replace the backward production capacity. In terms of industrial concentration, by 2015, the number of nitrogenous fertilizers, phosphate fertilizers, and compound fertilizers will be significantly reduced. The proportion of large and medium-sized nitrogen fertilizer production capacity will reach over 80%, and the proportion of large-scale phosphate fertilizer production capacity will reach over 70%. Two large-scale potash fertilizer groups The scale has grown further. We must speed up mergers and reorganizations, encourage the reorganization of chemical fertilizer companies and energy companies, increase the overall scale effect, and solve the issue of raw material guarantees. In terms of product structure, the proportion of high-concentration fertilizers is no longer emphasized. The optimization of the “Twelfth Five-year Plan†is mainly aimed at improving fertilizer efficiency, increasing fertilizer utilization, reducing pollution, and reducing agricultural costs. It mainly includes improving the quality of basic fertilizers such as urea and ammonium phosphate, developing nitro fertilizers, liquid fertilizers, slow and controlled release fertilizers, new potash fertilizers and other multiple fertilizers, and encouraging compound fertilizers and trace element fertilizers. In terms of technological progress, the proportion of nitrogen fertilizer production using advanced coal gasification technology should be increased from the current 15% to 30%, and the annual production capacity of 450,000 tons of synthetic ammonia and 800,000 tons of urea (or above) equipment should be autonomous. Continuously improve the utilization efficiency and level of low-grade phosphate rock and phosphogypsum. The production technology of potassium chloride should be continuously improved. The technology for preparing potassium sulfate from the salt lake brine must be further improved. Fertilizer blending technology and equipment must be industrialized. In terms of industrial layout, enterprises are encouraged to build large-scale urea bases in energy producing regions such as Inner Mongolia, Xinjiang, Ningxia, Heilongjiang, and large grain and cotton provinces. To complete the deep processing, refinement, and comprehensive utilization of large-scale phosphate fertilizer bases in Fujian, Chongqing, Hubei, and Sichuan. While optimizing the allocation of resources for Qinghai Potash Fertilizer Base, Xinjiang will promote the construction of the second phase of the Potash Fertilizer Project, but the key is to break through the construction of offshore potash fertilizer bases and strive to build an overseas production base of 2 million tons of Potassium Chloride in 2015. The processing, distribution and application system of complex (mixed) fertilizers will be constructed in key consumption areas. In order to achieve the above objectives and tasks, the state should continue to provide funding and policy support for the technological transformation of the chemical fertilizer industry. Formulate related access conditions, and formulate certain compensation policies for exiting enterprises and obsolete production capacities that have been eliminated, and provide supporting policies for technologically innovative enterprises. In terms of market regulation, the government must maintain the stability of import and export policies, further improve the off-season commercial reserve system that is tilted toward the production companies, and the state-owned reserve system that does not aim at making profits. The National Development and Reform Commission, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, and industry associations must strengthen the monitoring of the operation of the industry. For fertilizer companies, how to achieve transformation and upgrading? What is it? Enterprises should scientifically and objectively analyze the market competition and the competitiveness of enterprises, and clearly define the direction of the company's development, whether to make a simple chemical fertilizer company or a comprehensive chemical company, or to abandon the fertilizer industry. The alliance between chemical fertilizer companies or energy companies must be targeted to find joint targets according to the characteristics and capabilities of the enterprises. According to the conditions, the possibility of shifting the production capacity of fertilizers in the eastern region to the western regions with resource advantages will be investigated. Strengthen the service system construction, extend the fertilizer industry chain, and realize the integration of upstream and downstream development. Enterprises should explore the possibility of internationalization and “going outâ€. Mature nitrogen fertilizers and phosphate fertilizer companies can export technical equipment. Potash fertilizer companies must explore the possibility of building overseas bases.
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