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滢 First consider the question.
The design of intelligent machine tool electrical systems is essentially the design of a dedicated computer system. According to the computer system structure theory, hardware and software are equivalent in logic function, and the functions implemented by software can be completed by hardware or firmware. The hardware implementation of the function is also done by the simulation of the software. 1. It is only the performance efficiency price and the difficulty level of implementation. therefore. Accurately determine the interface between hardware and software. Appropriate software and hardware function allocation is designed to implement intelligent machine tool electrical system using hardware or firmware to ensure its real-time performance, good performance, but the price is often higher, especially in batch hours; using software to achieve a spiritual touch 1 It is convenient to modify and debug. The cost is lower. The following is a description of the general principles and methods for the distribution of software and hardware functions in the design of intelligent machine tool electrical systems. 4. The selection should be based on the above factors.
The implementation of 2 core functions should be based on hardware. The implementation of the extended function is based on software, with economical type 0, low-definition, low-key, low-profile, single-chip or low-end machine as the control core, digital or ordinary, go to the display, servo system using stepper motor open-loop control .
It provides the basic functions of a machined CNC machine tool at a low price. The small and medium-sized enterprises carry out intelligent automatic transformation of the original machine tools to improve production efficiency. Its core functions such as axis control function interpolation function positioning control function automatic acceleration/deceleration function feed speed control function spindle speed control function is mainly composed of extremely powerful The MCU and various dedicated chips are used to complete. 1 winter 2.
The principle of the composition of the pavilion. It thought that the core was screwed. Including the input device output into the through interface programmable controller machine tool motor feedback device, etc., is a conceptual, block-like, analog. For the characteristics of the system, å« single-chip computer such as 851. 16-bit machine 8098 and so on integrated on the block chip, hopping, 唉;; 10 ports, constitute a complete digital control system, its anti-interference is strong, reliable High performance, fast speed, high command system efficiency, small size, high performance and price ratio. Programmatically expand 1 chip such as 8255, 8155, etc., input and output switch quantity control signals, directly or through, control machine tool motor work. Through the human 0 interface and 0 to 1 chip, input the shuttle state parameter and feedback signal. Output analog control signal, input the machining program and data from the keyboard through the keyboard interface chip such as 8279, output the sigh, display signal, or use the display generator to cut the 6845 to form the display interface, output, allow the lock to screw 2æ”; The serial communication interface chip realizes communication with the host computer to remotely input or output program data through the network. The principle of selecting hard components is to use powerful large-scale general-purpose wines as much as possible. Hardware and firmware implement various special interface control functions, thus reducing the burden of 01, speeding up control, and achieving high performance. The performance price ratio of the chip is high, and the technical communication interface feedback device drives the control communication interface input device to be mature. Connected with the microcontroller. Program optimization. It can be used to reduce the hardware and software design of the 1st and 7th and various processing programs to perform the interpolation function. Also hit this accessibility extension. Such as visual inspection and diagnosis, etc., modular programming, using software to achieve. Control programs with high real-time requirements should be programmed in assembly language whenever possible. However, when the function is relatively simple, it can also be programmed in 0 language.
The same function, in a system with different performance requirements, or different available software into hardware. In the early hardware numerical control system, the hardware digital logic circuit was used to complete the interpolation work. The numerical control device used the voltage pulse as the interpolation point coordinate increment output.
These pulses can drive the stepper motor in the open-loop system or the DC servo motor that drives the closed-loop control system. The interpolation work is done in the CNC system 1 of the machine, and the hardware is also used to enter the hardware. Fine-interpolated, system 13. It assigns interpolation functions to software and hardware interpolators to reduce the computational speed and storage requirements of the computer. But it also affects the resolution. To perform the software and hardware functions in a subdivision 1. Require the system design to have a higher level of hardware and software technology. To play the overall design ability and rich experience.汜 To be familiar with the software and hardware products market 3 from the user's requirements for system performance to determine the distribution of software and hardware functions from the perspective of a computer system structure. The intelligent machine tool electrical system belongs to the factory-specific computer system. Its traditional design method adopts the top-down instruction data type, and then designs it down step by step. Finally, the hardware that can optimize the implementation of the upper-level software is selected. This often leads to the separation and disconnection of hardware and software design. The better method is to start designing from the middle, that is, first determine the interface of software and hardware, reasonably perform software and hardware functions, which functions are implemented by software, which functions are implemented by hardware, and also consider hardware to operating system and application. The implementation provides some support. Design up and down. For the specific. The system also needs to first determine the hardware and software distribution interface from the user's requirements for system performance, such as speed accuracy and reliability.
Take the feed device of the CNC machine as an example. Whether to use open-loop semi-closed loop or full-closed loop control, we must first analyze the user's requirements for the control accuracy and speed efficiency. Open-loop control adopts stepping motor drive, no position speed feedback circuit device, etc., which simplifies the hardware, low investment, convenient test and maintenance, and mainly relies on software, that is, a given program to realize the feed function. However, the feed speed and precision are low, generally low and mid-range, suitable for 1 system design or general machine tool numerical control transformation. 3. Full-closed mode 1 is connected to the actual displacement value of the moving part of the machine 1 moving parts, and its detection accuracy + machine safety The impact of the drive precision. Miscellaneous for various transmission components. The transmission error mountain closed-loop circuit can be corrected. Fully closed-loop implementation. The semi-closed mode performance is between the first two. The position detection element numerical control device is compensated by software. There is also a semi-closed loop structure formed by adding an enlarging encoder behind the screw shaft of the machine tool. 4. The hardware investment is relatively simple with the closed loop control of the umbrella. The software is noisy compared to open loop control.
A combination of hardware and software provides moderate accuracy and speed efficiency.
Marriage analysis uses a wide range of performance indicators proposed by the system.
It is important to determine the hardware and software functions of each component.
4 Adopting the combination of software and hardware, the software and hardware with high performance and price ratio are preferred, the performance is rapidly improved, the price is decreasing, the function has reached or exceeded the small medium-sized computer in the early stage, and the high-grade buckle is a kind of scientific computing real-time control data processing function. The general-purpose personal computer of the body has excellent performance and price ratio for the high-end computer numerical control, and the development of the system provides a high level of software and hardware combination to achieve various functions.
In recent years, the development trend of medium and high-end intelligent machine tool electrical systems is based on the hardware configuration of the button-based machine, for example, the use of highly reliable industrial control, machine, development of expansion slot interface board, through, control of various servo devices. The advantage is that it is directly adopted, the machine has high performance and low price hardware equipment, a large number of mature buckle system software application software and tools such as standard operating system, shape tool editor real-time database, network communication protocol. Reduce the amount of hardware and software development. The workload of hardware design is mainly in the development of interface boards. The workload of software design is mainly in the preparation of special numerical control function program modules, and the development of various application software.
Due to the high speed of the button machine, the performance requirements are very high, and the flexibility and flexibility of the system are also high. The frequently used NC program modules with primitive functions can be solidified in the system. This is called software curing. Progress can be made to improve system performance and efficiency. In short, in the machine, two often combined with each other to complete complex functions.
In the new generation, the system will be an open CNC system. It adopts an open modular structure of the standard group to form the software and hardware of the system. Make the system easy to combine, expand and upgrade. Provides flexible and adaptable control functions with an external interface that is uniform and standard.
And these standard hardware and software modules. It is especially suspected that the high level of the designer is correct 1 Li Xuegan. Su Dongzhuang. The first version of the computer system structure. Xi'an University of Electronic Science and Technology Press, 1998419 2 Li Hongsheng CNC principle and system. Mechanical Industry Press, 1999313 3 Yan Aizhen. Machine tool numerical control principle and system. Mechanical Industry Press. 20001 4 seats brilliant. Semi-closed loop control and error compensation for economical CNC machine tools. machine tool