3D printing (3DP) is a kind of rapid prototyping technology, also known as additive manufacturing, it is a technology that builds objects based on digital model files and uses bondable materials such as powdered metal or plastic to print layer by layer.
3D printing is usually achieved by using digital technology material printers. It is often used in mold manufacturing, industrial design and other fields to make models, and then gradually used in the direct manufacturing of some products. The technology has applications in jewelry, footwear, industrial design, architecture, engineering and construction (AEC), automotive, aerospace, dental and medical industries, education, geographic information systems, civil engineering, guns, and other fields.
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On the one hand, this plan is to solve the short-term problems in the labor force population shortage currently faced by China's manufacturing industry. On the other hand, it will specify the long-term direction for improving the international competitiveness of China's manufacturing industry. This is the significance of 10 years.
The topic of this issue analyzes this plan from three dimensions: Why did this plan name development include 10 areas of new generation information technology, medical equipment, etc.; Why did this plan be established for 10 years; and this plan was in the capital market? How is it interpreted?
Chen Qiang, director of the Industrial Economics Research Office of the National Bureau of Information Economic Forecasting Department, said that the industries proposed in this decade's industry are more advanced and detailed than the last emerging strategic industry. For example, as for agricultural machinery and equipment, it is clear that the rural labor force in China is gradually declining. It is related to the need to solve the problem of fewer people farming in the next step.
Is it possible to use machines for harvesting vegetables?
The answer is yes, in the future this will become the reality of China's land.
On March 25, Premier Li Keqiang presided over the executive meeting of the State Council to deploy and accelerate the implementation of “Made in China 2025†to realize the upgrading of the manufacturing industry.
The above meeting emphasized that we must follow the development trend of “Internet+†and focus on the integration of informatization and industrialization. We must focus on the development of the next ten areas of information technology, high-end CNC machine tools, robots, and agricultural machinery and equipment, and strengthen industrial infrastructure capabilities. Technological level and product quality, promote intelligent manufacturing, green manufacturing.
Previously, as China’s labor force decreased for three consecutive years, the cost of recruiting workers in China has become higher and higher. Even in rural areas in remote areas, finding ordinary migrant workers to engage in agricultural planting and harvesting requires more than 100 yuan per day. Hundreds of dollars.
In developed countries, not only cotton is harvested, but also cabbage harvesting and grape harvesting have achieved mechanized operations. This is also the reason why agricultural productivity in developed countries is much higher than that in China, and the cost of producing agricultural products is much lower than in China.
In response, Zhang Qizi, assistant director of the Institute of Industry of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, believes that it is necessary to develop the aforementioned manufacturing industry. The reason is that the current labor cost in China is getting higher and higher. The country has proposed a new manufacturing development strategy and vigorously developed robots and agricultural machinery to solve the labor shortage problem.
Promoting China's Manufacturing Industry to Become Stronger and Stronger State Council Premier Li Keqiang presided over the executive meeting of the State Council on March 25. He pointed out that China is in the process of accelerating industrialization, and manufacturing is an important pillar and foundation of the national economy. "Made in China 2025" is an important factor in promoting China's manufacturing to become stronger, making China's manufacturing more inclusive of China's creative factors, relying more on Chinese equipment, relying on Chinese brands, and promoting the economy to maintain high-speed growth and advance to the high-end level. significance.
The conference emphasized that we must follow the development trend of “Internet+†and focus on the integration of informatization and industrialization, focusing on the development of new generation information technology, high-end CNC machine tools and robots, aerospace equipment, marine engineering equipment and high-tech ships, and advanced technologies. Rail transit equipment, energy-saving and new energy vehicles, power equipment, new materials, biomedicine, high-performance medical equipment, and agricultural machinery and equipment are in 10 major areas. They strengthen industrial infrastructure capabilities, improve technological standards and product quality, and promote smart manufacturing and green manufacturing.
The above 10 major areas are more specific than the emerging strategic industries proposed by the country in 2010.
The seven major industries involved in the “Decision of the State Council on Accelerating the Cultivation and Development of Strategic Emerging Industries†(Gufa [2010] No. 32) are energy saving and environmental protection, a new generation of information technology, bio-industry, high-end equipment manufacturing, and new energy. New material industry, new energy automobile industry.
Among them, the high-end equipment manufacturing industry includes strengthening the aviation industry, promoting the development of satellites and their application industries, vigorously developing rail transit equipment, and vigorously developing marine engineering equipment. Actively develop intelligent manufacturing equipment with digital, flexible, and system integration technologies as the core.
This time, the classification of high-end CNC machine tools and robots, aerospace equipment, marine engineering equipment, high-tech ships, and advanced rail transit equipment was separated from the original high-end equipment manufacturing category.
Chen Qiang, director of the Industrial Economics Research Office of the Economic Forecasting Department of the National Information Center, said that the industries proposed in the 10 major industries were more advanced and detailed than the last emerging strategic industry. For example, as for agricultural machinery and equipment, it is clear that the rural labor force in China is gradually declining. It is related to the need to solve the problem of fewer people farming in the next step.
“The gap between China and the developed countries is still very large, especially in the agricultural sector. The impact of the Internet on the economy at present is similar to that of the past in the industrial revolution. Therefore, in the above-mentioned areas, it is necessary to break through with the Internet integration as soon as possible.â€
Up to now, more and more fields in China's rural areas have begun to implement mechanized production, in which cotton can be mechanized and planted. Rice and wheat are commonly used for mechanized harvesting, but the proportion of rice for mechanized cultivation is still low. As for the proportion of vegetable crops and other economic crops Low. For example, vegetables and fruits have not yet been mechanized for harvesting and harvesting.
It is imperative to focus on breakthroughs that cannot be achieved overnight. The State Council executive meeting pointed out that the next step is to introduce guidelines for the upgrading of China's manufacturing focus areas to the Green Paper Catalog, and to dynamically adjust and roll forward.
The meeting stated that it is adhering to the market-led, reform and innovation, giving play to the main role of the enterprise, supporting the promotion of large and medium-sized enterprises, striving for major breakthroughs, achieving practical results, and giving fiscal, taxation, finance, and talented personnel policies to be tilted. Through unremitting efforts to build an upgraded version of China's manufacturing industry.
It is reported that starting from 2010, China's manufacturing output accounted for 19.8% of the world's manufacturing industry and for the first time became the world’s largest manufacturing country. However, although China is the world's largest manufacturing country, it is not a strong country. A typical example is that many core components are difficult to produce.
Such as the aircraft's engine, the computer's chips, and even the internal coating of cooking pots and so on. Some high-end technologies have been difficult to obtain through imports, and they can only rely on self-development. This is also the background of the "Made in China 2025" strategy.
With the advent of the new global industrial revolution, countries have proposed a similar new strategy. Typically, Germany has proposed the strategy of Industry 4.0. However, some experts believe that these strategies differ from China. Guo Chongqing, an academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering, believes that the meaning of “Internet Plus†for China is more suitable for China. The nature of the Internet is openness, public participation, co-creation, inclusiveness, equality, disintermediation, and platform-based integration. China is to promote innovation through open source, open, co-create, and shared Internet thinking. This is in contrast to Germany's mainly SMEs themselves. R & D is not the same.
Jiangsu is formulating the "Made in China 2025" action plan, preparing to build 10 B-type B2B e-commerce trading platforms with a focus on the construction of key leading enterprises in the steel, chemical, marine, pharmaceutical, nonferrous metals, textile fabrics and construction machinery industries. Featured trading platform.
Previously, Chongqing has also identified ten strategic emerging industries, which include cultivating integrated circuits, LCD panels, robots, new materials, Internet of things, shale gas, biomedicine, new energy and electric vehicles, and MDI.
There are similar strategies in other regions, but they are generally similar, and industries such as energy conservation, environmental protection, new energy, and new materials are relatively common.
Wang Angeng, a member of the National Informatization Expert Consultation Committee, said that after the country proposed the development of strategic emerging industries in the past, various localities have also put forward similar strategies. At present, new strategies are being introduced in various places. However, all localities must determine according to their own circumstances. To achieve differentiated development, we must not go blindly to the point of view.
Zhang Qizi, assistant director of the Institute of Industry of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, suggested that the promotion of "Made in China 2025" requires the further introduction of various supporting policies. Otherwise, many high-end products will not be used even if they are produced.
Previously, drones, new energy vehicles, private jets, large-screen Internet TVs and other manufacturing industries have developed in China. However, drones and private jets have not been fully opened because of the low altitude, and it is difficult to make big progress.
However, new energy vehicles have difficulty in running a long distance because the highway lacks charging piles that resemble refuelling. As for Internet TV, it is still difficult to promote it on a large scale because of the issue of license restrictions.
Compared with the usual five-year plan, this time, the central level has planned for China's manufacturing industry for 10 years. On March 25, Premier Li Keqiang presided over the executive meeting of the State Council to deploy and accelerate the implementation of “Made in China 2025†to realize the upgrading of the manufacturing industry. As the name implies, this plan is for 10 years.