Everything you need to know about Velomobiles

In recent years, bicycles and tricycles have become more common on the roads. While trikes aren’t as popular as traditional bikes, most people are familiar with both. Velomobiles, however, are a unique and fascinating variation that offer an exciting alternative to conventional cycles. Though they’re not widely accepted by insurance companies anymore, they remain a fun and efficient mode of transport for those who appreciate them.

What Are Velomobiles?

Velomobiles, also known as velocars, can best be described as a “bicycle-car.” They typically have two or three wheels, though some models have more. The rider sits in either an upright or recumbent position, similar to a regular bike or trike. Unlike standard bikes, velomobiles are fully enclosed, offering enhanced aerodynamics, weather protection, and safety in case of an accident.

This enclosed design allows velomobiles to reach higher speeds than traditional human-powered vehicles. Some are even built for racing and have set world records in efficiency and speed. While not all models are race-ready, they still provide a thrilling and smooth ride, making them a favorite among cycling enthusiasts.

Who Uses Velomobiles?

Velomobiles appeal to a wide range of riders, from casual cyclists to serious enthusiasts. Many recumbent bike riders make the switch, but anyone can enjoy these unique vehicles. Whether you're looking for a fun way to get around, a form of exercise, or a replacement for a car, there’s a velomobile out there for you.

They are also popular in efficiency studies and endurance events. Some electrically assisted velomobiles equipped with solar panels can achieve up to 80 times the efficiency of electric cars, making them a green and innovative option for eco-conscious riders.

History of Velomobiles

The concept of the velomobile dates back to the early 20th century. Charles Mochet, a French inventor, created one of the first "bike-cars" for his son in the 1920s. His designs inspired the development of what would later be known as velocars. The term "velocar" was first publicly mentioned in 1927.

Over time, Mochet developed various models, including one-, two-, and four-seat versions. He used steel frames and thin plywood for the bodies. Other early designs used a technique called "birdcage," where fabric was stretched over a wire frame and then painted to create a lightweight, aerodynamic shell.

In the 1970s, the People Powered Vehicle (PPV) gained attention. It featured a side-by-side tandem seat and a molded plastic body. Despite its comfort and protection, it was heavy and had inefficient braking systems. As motor vehicles became more popular, velomobiles faded into obscurity for many years.

Today, velomobiles are still made, but they remain a niche product. Their small market is driven by passionate riders who value their performance, design, and sustainability.

Notable Velomobiles on the Market

There are over 30 published velomobile designs, and several models have stood the test of time. Due to their rarity, only a few manufacturers produce them, but DIY kits allow enthusiasts to build their own.

Body-on-Frame

This design consists of a cycle and a separate body, often referred to as the "skin." It offers flexibility in materials and configurations. You can use a standard bike or a custom-built frame for the base, while the body can be made from fabric, wood, or carbon fiber.

Alleweder

Also known as monocoque or unit construction, this method involves forming and riveting an aluminum sheet to create a single-piece body. It was originally used in aircraft and has been applied to velomobiles since the 1970s. While durable and lightweight, it can be expensive due to the complexity of the process.

FRP Monocoque with Aluminum Subframe

Some velomobiles use a fiber-reinforced plastic (FRP) shell combined with an aluminum subframe. This design reduces weight and improves aerodynamics, though it comes at a higher cost. It's ideal for those seeking speed and performance.

Power-Assisted Models

Electric velomobiles are becoming more popular, offering a boost for longer rides or hilly terrain. One example is the Northern Light 428, which uses a hybrid system to store energy on flat ground and use it when climbing. This makes it an excellent choice for eco-conscious riders.

Features to Be Aware Of

When choosing a velomobile, consider your needs and preferences. Here are some key features to look for:

Wheel Configurations

Most modern velomobiles use a tadpole design—two front wheels and one rear wheel—for stability and ease of handling. Four-wheel models offer more cargo space but sacrifice aerodynamics. Two-wheel models are lighter and faster but require a parking wheel for stability at low speeds.

Open vs. Closed

Choose an open or closed model based on your climate and riding style. Enclosed models provide better protection from the elements and are ideal for rainy areas.

Braking System

Drum brakes are common due to their durability and low maintenance. However, disc brakes may be preferred for improved stopping power. Brake lights are essential for road safety.

Drivetrain and Gears

Velomobiles use standard bicycle drivetrains with chainrings, derailleurs, and idler pulleys. These components are protected from the elements, helping to extend the life of your vehicle.

Accessories

While velomobiles are a specialty product, many accessories used on regular bikes and trikes can also be used on them. Here are some must-have items:

Helmet

A helmet is essential, even in enclosed models. Always choose a well-fitting, comfortable one. Avoid earbuds, as they can reduce your awareness of your surroundings.

Lock

A strong lock is crucial. U-locks may not work well due to the size of velomobiles, so consider using a long chain or cable to secure it to a fixed object.

Bell or Horn

Use a bell or horn to alert others of your presence, especially in busy areas.

Lights

Even if you don’t ride at night, having lights is important for visibility. Front and rear lights help prevent accidents and improve safety.

Water Bottle Holder

Enclosed velomobiles can get hot, so bringing water is a good idea for longer rides.

Phone Mount

A phone mount helps with navigation and keeps your hands free while riding.

Mirrors

Mirrors are essential for safe riding, especially in urban areas. They help you see behind you and avoid potential collisions.

Where to Ride

In most countries, including the US, velomobiles are treated like bicycles and can be ridden on bike lanes, shared paths, and city streets. They are not allowed on highways due to their speed and size. When sharing the road with cars, always be visible and cautious. Consider using daytime running lights and a safety flag to increase your visibility.

Protecting Your Velomobile

Since velomobiles are rare, it’s important to protect them properly. Always secure your vehicle with a solid lock, even when stored in a garage. Never assume that a locked garage is enough. Use a U-lock or a heavy-duty chain to keep your velomobile safe from theft.