The main reason for the shortened battery life of base stations

At present, most of the batteries used in communication power supply are advanced valve-regulated sealed lead-acid batteries. The voltage of each cell of the battery is generally 2V, which is a 48V or 24V system in series. It plays a role in protecting communication equipment and facilities. Two functions are guaranteed to ensure the smooth operation of the network. In the protection of communication power equipment facilities, the battery and UPS, switching power supply system together to prevent the mains grid voltage surge, waves, spikes (drop) and transient, undervoltage (overvoltage), effectively protect the communications equipment, Prevent accidents at the station. In order to ensure the smooth operation of the network, the battery and the UPS and the switching power supply system jointly maintain the normal operation of the system when the mains power supply is interrupted, and also play the function of filtering out the noise voltage and maintaining the communication quality.

Once these batteries are installed and put into operation at the communication base station, they will not be replaced in a few years. Therefore, it is of great significance to strengthen the maintenance of the battery and improve its use condition, thereby effectively extending the service life of the battery. The battery online detection is currently unattended and plays an indispensable role in the maintenance of communication power.

Second, the technical status of the communication system battery
The battery pack is an important part of the base station to realize DC uninterrupted power supply, and its investment amount is basically the same as that of the switching power supply equipment. At present, most of the mobile base stations are valve-regulated sealed lead-acid batteries (VRLA batteries) developed at the end of the 20th century. Due to the valve-regulated sealing structure, it is not necessary to add acid and water to maintain, no acid liquid and acid mist are discharged, and it can be installed in the same room as the equipment. Because of its small size, light weight, small self-discharge, low maintenance, long life, easy to use, safe and reliable, it is well received by users. But we must see that on the one hand, the basic electrochemical principle of this battery has not changed, so its inherent electrical characteristics are not only unchanged, but more demanding; on the other hand, the battery is in the early stage of promotion, the manufacturer's instructions Sometimes this type of battery is called a "maintenance-free" battery, which causes some maintenance personnel to think that the battery does not need maintenance, so that battery maintenance and detection are not given the attention it deserves. Has a profound impact.

From the current use situation, the base station battery generally has a battery capacity drop too fast, a short service life, and accidents that fall off the station frequently occur. From the current quality of the production of batteries by several large valve-regulated sealed battery manufacturers in China, they should be able to meet the requirements of various operators, although the quality and performance of batteries produced by various manufacturers are different. The quality factor of the battery should not be the main reason that the battery capacity of the base stations of various operators is falling too fast and the service life is shortened. From the comprehensive factors such as the product structure of the valve-regulated sealed battery, the performance of the product, and the site survey of the use of the base station battery, combined with the use of the exchange station, the valve-regulated sealed battery is used under normal conditions for 1 to 4 years. The decline should not be so fast, the main reason for the base station battery capacity to drop too fast, the service life is shortened should be related to its base station use environment and maintenance.

The main reasons for the base station battery capacity falling too fast and shortening the service life are:

First, the base station frequently powers off, the power outage time is long, and the power outage time is irregular, so that the battery is frequently charged and discharged. According to the current battery manufacturer's anatomy of the base station scrapped battery, the reason for the end of the battery life is the sulphation of the battery negative plate. This is a typical phenomenon of early battery capacity failure (PCL).

The reasons for causing sulphation of the battery negative plate are as follows: the base station has a high power failure frequency, several power failures in one day, and even continuous power failure for several days, so that the base station battery is discharged after the battery is not fully charged after the discharge, and the battery is undercharged. . If the undercharge occurs multiple times in succession, it will cause a cumulative loss of battery capacity, then the battery capacity of the base station will decrease in a short time, and its service life will be terminated soon. In general, the rate at which the battery capacity drops is proportional to the number of consecutive undercharges of the base station battery. The inherent reason for the decrease in battery capacity is that after the battery is discharged, it is discharged again when it is not fully charged. If the lead sulfate formed by the positive and negative electrodes fails to completely recover into lead dioxide and lead metal, respectively, The negative plate is discharged again, causing the battery to undercharge, and the battery is undercharged several times in succession, so that the negative plate is gradually sulfated, resulting in irreversible crystalline lead sulfate, especially in the case of deep overdischarge of the battery, the sulfate of the negative plate of the battery. The chemistry will be more severe, the rate of sulfation will be faster, the surface of the negative plate will be shielded, and its function will gradually decline until it fails, resulting in a decrease in battery life until termination.

Second, the switching power supply setting parameters are unreasonable. The base station battery undervoltage protection setting voltage is too low, and the reset voltage setting is too low, causing overdischarge or even deep overdischarge of the battery, and on the other hand, the battery negative plate is sulphated.

At present, the base station combination switching power supply is provided with a low voltage isolation protection function or a secondary power-off function. When the battery is discharged to a certain set voltage value, the switching power supply system will automatically cut off the power supply to part of the heavy load power supply or the entire load to protect the battery from discharging, and ensure the battery life.

If the minimum undervoltage protection value of the battery is set too low, the battery will be over-discharged. Failure to replenish or recharge after repeated over-discharge and over-discharge will seriously affect the battery life. In addition, if the switching power supply reset voltage is set Low, will cause the battery to repeat multiple discharges during the discharge process; the minimum undervoltage protection value setting of the specific battery should be set according to the load current, and the current minimum undervoltage protection value of the base station battery is generally set at 1.8 voltage per cell. Around V, some even set to 1.75V each. According to the discharge performance of the valve-regulated sealed battery combined with the actual load current of the base station (currently the actual load current of the base station is mostly less than 0.1C10A), the minimum undervoltage protection value of the base station battery should be set at more than 1.8V per battery cell voltage.

Therefore, the base station battery undervoltage protection setting reference voltage is too low. If the base station loses power for a long time, the battery will be over-discharged, even a small current deep over-discharge, and the over-discharged battery should be fully charged, and the required capacity for recovery. Longer, deep overdischarged batteries are generally difficult to fully recover their rated capacity under the existing constant voltage charging conditions of the base station. Therefore, the setting of the switching power supply parameter is unreasonable, and on the other hand, the sulphation of the battery negative plate is intensified, thereby causing a decrease in battery capacity and a shortened service life.

Third, the base station usage environment is harsh. After the base station is powered off, the ambient temperature of the base station gradually increases due to the absence of air conditioning. Or because of the air conditioning failure, the indoor temperature of the base station is too high, thereby reducing the battery life.

The indoor base stations are equipped with air conditioners. The configured air conditioners are general cabinets or split type air conditioners. The long-term uninterrupted use makes some base station air conditioners fail and stops. Sometimes the air conditioner is damaged and cannot be repaired in time, and the indoor base station is a closed machine room. After the shutdown, the indoor temperature of the base station will rise sharply, and the indoor temperature of the color steel plate room can reach above 70 °C.

On the one hand, even if the air conditioner is normal, and the base station has no AC power after the power failure, the air conditioner cannot be cooled, especially in the summer, the indoor temperature of the base station will rise sharply, thereby affecting the normal operation of the battery. This increases the internal water loss of the valve-regulated sealed battery, and the electrolyte saturation decreases (the electrolyte in the glass fiber cotton diaphragm decreases), which reduces battery capacity and shortens battery life.

On the other hand, because the indoor temperature is too high, the thermal runaway effect of the battery will be aggravated, resulting in an increase in the corrosion rate of the positive electrode plate of the battery, deformation and expansion of the electrode plate, swelling or even cracking of the battery casing, and finally, the battery capacity is rapidly decreased, and the battery life is shortened. According to the accelerated life test, the ambient temperature is increased by 10 degrees, and the battery life is reduced by half if the charging voltage is not adjusted.

Fourth, after the base station is powered off, the battery is discharged to the termination voltage, and the replenishment is not performed in time, which will also result in a decrease in battery capacity and a shortened service life.

Since some base stations are located in suburbs or remote mountain villages and other places, the power supply situation is poor, the number of power outages is high and the power outage time is long. After the power failure, the battery is discharged to the termination voltage, and the utility power has not recovered. On the one hand, it may cause over-discharge of the battery. On the other hand, after the battery is discharged, it cannot be recharged in time. According to relevant information, if the battery cannot be recharged in time after discharge, the battery capacity will gradually decrease. After several cycles, Battery life will be significantly reduced.

In addition, the switching power supply output floating voltage value of some base stations is more than 1V smaller than the set value and the display value, causing the battery to be undercharged for a long time.

Despite these problems with the battery used in communication stations, our current major communication operators' maintenance systems and the provision of maintenance personnel cannot guarantee timely detection of battery problems, timely maintenance, and timely replacement of backward batteries. To avoid the occurrence of a station accident. The battery online monitoring system came into being under such circumstances.

Third, the necessity of battery monitoring
From the above analysis, the communication power supply is the basis of the communication network, and the backup battery is the last barrier of the entire communication power supply. Once the battery, especially the battery accident caused by the communication room, occurs, it will cause huge losses! Therefore, in order to ensure the smooth operation of the communication network, various communication operators have strengthened the maintenance and testing of the communication room battery, and introduced the strict maintenance procedures of IEEE1189-2005. Current maintenance procedures primarily rely on periodic, mandatory verification discharges to monitor battery health and state of charge. However, due to the limitations of the maintenance technicians, the remoteness of the maintenance site, the dispersion, and the long time of the inspection operation, the battery maintenance work completion rate of the entire communication industry is very low. The only viable maintenance technique that does not have a blind zone is the battery monitoring system. Battery monitoring has some advantages over traditional periodic monitoring;

• Reduce the labor time required to manually measure and inspect the battery on site.
• Save money by providing a systematic understanding of battery health through monitoring system data without having to go to the site for inspections by calendar.
• Increased power supply reliability through online continuous battery system monitoring, reducing system downtime.
• Replace the battery that is about to fail before it affects the other batteries in the same group, avoiding mutual influence and extending the overall battery system life.
• Know which batteries have been replaced, which gives you more control over battery purchases while reducing the number of batteries that are replaced in batches.
• Increase customer satisfaction and uptime by reducing the chance of power outages.
• Avoid annual revenue losses due to power outages.
• The ability of the monitoring system to identify batteries with signs of damage enhances system reliability and increases production capacity.
• Using our patented impedance measurement technology, reliable trend data will correctly display battery problems at the beginning of a battery failure condition.
• There is no need to rely on the measured voltage to determine the battery status. The voltage measurement does not accurately indicate the battery's quality and availability.
• The battery monitoring management system has remote monitoring, data acquisition and trend analysis functions, which can remotely monitor multiple battery systems and improve management efficiency.
• It is foreseeable when and where the power company will be powered off, the battery system cannot provide DC power.
• Accurately track the real-time performance of the recorded battery during a power outage.
• Accurately monitor all projects that have a direct impact on battery performance:

Although the installation of the battery online system will increase the cost of operation and maintenance expenses in one time, the battery life will increase by 30%, the maintenance workload will be reduced by 75%, the maintenance cost will be reduced by 80%, the station accident will be reduced, and the communication customer will be improved. The return of satisfaction is completely worthwhile.

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