·The world's most stringent emission standards are expected to be implemented in 2017

The Beijing Six Standard, which is seeking comments, will become the most stringent motor vehicle emission standard in the world. The Beijing Municipal Environmental Protection Bureau said that after the implementation of the Beijing-Beijing standard, the emissions of light-duty gasoline vehicles and heavy-duty diesel vehicles will drop by 40% to 50%. After 4 to 5 years, about 50% of Beijing's motor vehicles will reach the Beijing-Beijing standard. That is to say, in 2022, the overall emission of motor vehicles in Beijing will be reduced by about 20% to 30%.

Recently, the Beijing Municipal Environmental Protection Bureau released the draft of the sixth phase of Beijing Motor Vehicle Emissions Local Standards (hereinafter referred to as the Beijing Six Standards), including three standards for light vehicles, heavy-duty engines and heavy-duty vehicles, namely: "Light vehicle pollutant emissions" Limits and Measurement Methods (Beijing Stage 6) (Draft for Comment), "Compressed Combustion Limits and Measurement Methods for Emissions of Combustion Engines for Heavy Vehicles, Gas Fueled Ignition Engines (Beijing Stage 6)" (Consultation Draft), "Compression ignition, gas fuel ignition type heavy vehicle exhaust pollutant emission limits and measurement methods (Beijing sixth phase)" (draft for comments).

The number of motor vehicles in Beijing is large. At present, it has exceeded 5.5 million vehicles. The pollution of automobile emissions is more serious, which is the first source of pollution for urban environmental pollution. According to the statistics of the Beijing Municipal Environmental Protection Bureau, PM2.5 formed by motor vehicle emissions accounts for 31% of the source of PM2.5 in Beijing, ranking first among local sources of pollution, while nitrogen oxides (NOx) in motor vehicle exhausts. Under the photochemical action, volatile organic compounds (VOC) and other components are more harmful to secondary particles, and the task of reducing emissions is urgent.

Beijing has implemented the first, second, third, fourth and fifth stage emission standards and corresponding oil product standards in 1999, 2002, 2005, 2008 and 2013, respectively, which are about 3 years ahead of the national level. To a better emission reduction effect. After Beijing upgraded from the National 4 regulations to the Beijing Five emission standards, the NOx emissions of light-duty gasoline vehicles and heavy-duty diesel vehicles will drop by about 43%, and the average emission reduction of pentoxide products in vehicles will be reduced by 15%. PM2.5 will also be cut simultaneously.

The Beijing Six standard, which is seeking advice, will become the most stringent motor vehicle emission standard in the world. The Beijing Municipal Environmental Protection Bureau said that after the implementation of the Beijing-Beijing standard, the emissions of light-duty gasoline vehicles and heavy-duty diesel vehicles will drop by 40% to 50%. After 4 to 5 years, about 50% of Beijing's motor vehicles will reach the Beijing-Beijing standard. That is to say, in 2022, the overall emission of motor vehicles in Beijing will be reduced by about 20% to 30%.

In addition to continuing to tighten the emission limits, the Beijing Sixth Standard further enhances the sense of responsibility of automobile manufacturers, requiring vehicles to be stable and up to standard within the effective life. It is reported that the Beijing Six Standard will be formulated and released in accordance with the procedures and is scheduled to be implemented on December 1, 2017.

Light car:

Imitate the California standard

Do not develop diesel vehicles for the time being

In the formulation of emission standards, China has been following European standards. However, according to the Beijing Municipal Environmental Protection Bureau, since the emission standard of the European VI light gasoline vehicle is completely consistent with the national five standard (equivalent to the European V standard) being implemented in Beijing, there is no emission reduction potential, so the light type is formulated. When the Beijing Jing 6 emission standard is adopted, it draws on the world's most stringent motor vehicle emission standard system - the California standard.

Undoubtedly, the standard limits in the new standard will be more stringent. It is reported that the average limit of pollutants is stricter than the current implementation of the national five standards of about 40%. In terms of VOC emission pollution control, compared with the fifth-stage emission standard, the control requirement for 24-hour vehicle static volatile organic matter was changed to 48 hours, the time was doubled, and pollutant emissions were reduced by 60%. In addition, new requirements for controlling VOCs while refueling are added.

In terms of test conditions, it will be closer to the actual driving situation of Beijing vehicles. The new light vehicle emission standards have adopted five operating conditions, including frequent urban road conditions (normal temperature FTP75 and low temperature FTP75) and high speed high speed conditions (HWFET), and aggressive driving conditions for rapid acceleration and deceleration ( US06), as well as air-conditioning driving conditions (SC03) in winter and summer, such combined conditions can more fully and truly reflect the driving behavior of the vehicle.

In addition, the new standard further increases the requirements for vehicle emissions diagnostics. The vehicle emission diagnostic system adopts the control requirements of OBD2. Compared with the current EOBD of the national five standard, it has added more than ten monitoring capabilities to the evaporation system and fuel supply system. Through the indicator light on the vehicle, the owner can understand the vehicle more fully. The failure situation compared to emissions.

It is worth mentioning that the Beijing Municipal Environmental Protection Bureau said that from the perspective of human health and environmental protection, light diesel vehicles are still not developed. This is because the emission characteristics of diesel vehicles determine that their emission control devices and calibration techniques are much more complicated than gasoline vehicles, and that later maintenance is difficult and costly. For example, particulate traps (DPF) should be cleaned regularly and selectively catalyzed. The reduction system (SCR) should periodically add urea solution, etc., which makes it theoretically possible to discharge the standard in the laboratory, but it is difficult to actually discharge the standard when the actual road is running, and its nitrogen oxides and particulate matter emissions far exceed the standard limit. The experience and lessons of excessive emissions of light diesel vehicles in the United States prove this problem. In addition, considering that the vast majority of diesel vehicles are driving in cities during the day, this is the peak period of crowd activity. Because pollutants are low-level emissions, they are on the human respiratory belt, and the harm to human health is more direct. Half of the nitrogen oxides are converted to PM2.5, and the carcinogenic particles emitted are much higher than gasoline vehicles.

Heavy duty engine:

Following the European VI standard

Increase limit

The formulation of the heavy-duty engine Jingliu standard continues to use the European VI emission standard, and on this basis, the NOx control measures are tightened, and the requirements for non-circulating emissions are tightened. The newly-developed test evaluation criteria have undergone major changes from test methods, test limits, and regulatory ideas. The implementation of the standards will largely alleviate the compliance of heavy-duty engine bench tests and the actual road emissions of the entire vehicle. Far beyond the standard problem, thus solving the problem of out-of-control emissions of heavy vehicles in Beijing.

It is understood that the new standard limits are more stringent. On the one hand, the new standard increases the particulate matter quality (PN) requirements. On the other hand, the average limit of each pollutant in the new standard will be about 50% stronger than the current implementation of the national five standard. .

The new standard introduces a cold-hot WHTC cycle, a steady-state test cycle WHSC, and a non-circulating emission test cycle WNTE in the test cycle, which is increased compared to the ESC steady-state cycle and the ETC transient cycle of the previous National Standard Approval Test. The test ratio of the engine at low speed and low load can more fully reflect the actual working conditions of the engine, strengthen the NOx emission control of urban running vehicles (such as buses, sanitation vehicles, etc.) and expand the control area.

The new standard is more perfect for the OBD function of the engine, and the OBD system alarm limit is tightened, in which NOx and particulate matter PM are tightened by 66% and 75%, respectively. The concept of full life also requires that as long as the vehicle is in use, even if the effective life is exceeded, the monitoring function of the OBD system must be maintained.

Heavy vehicle:

International first standard

Installation of remote emission management vehicle terminal

Among the Beijing Six standards for comments, one is the “heavy vehicle emission standard”. It is understood that the Beijing Sixth Heavy Vehicle Standard is the first international standard. At present, countries around the world including China have only set heavy engine standards for new vehicle emissions, and there is no new vehicle emission standard for heavy vehicles.

Regarding the increase of this standard, the Beijing Municipal Environmental Protection Bureau said that the survey found that heavy vehicles in the actual use to achieve power and economy, resulting in higher NOx emissions; in addition, subject to standards, environmental compliance and in-use compliance When law enforcement inspections are required, engine testing needs to be dismantled, which is not conducive to law enforcement. Therefore, in order to strengthen the emission control of heavy-duty vehicles, Beijing has formulated the emission standards for Beijing-Hebei heavy-duty vehicles.

The newly-developed heavy-duty Beijing-Beijing standard adopts the vehicle chassis dynamometer emission test method, and requires the vehicle to meet the national fuel consumption standard, and avoids tampering with the vehicle calibration by means of failure control devices. According to the new standard, "no technical changes to the manufacturer's technical measures, vehicle equipment emissions and OBD systems shall be carried out during the life of the vehicle without the approval of the environmental protection approval department".

The regulations require that “manufacturers should ensure that the vehicle has a remote emission management vehicle terminal that meets the requirements”. The terminal needs to be able to read not only the data of the OBD and NOx control systems, but also the data transmitted over the wireless network. Through remote emission management, the vehicle terminal can know the vehicle's emission status in real time, monitor the running status of the vehicle, and realize the preliminary judgment of the vehicle OBD function without the need of field test, eliminating the complexity of the previous verification work. process.

In addition, the new standard also stipulates that vehicle manufacturers must ensure that vehicle emissions are stable and up to standard in terms of vehicle environmental consistency and compliance inspection requirements.

Standard upgrades mean an upgrade of enterprise technology, and the corresponding costs will increase. According to the Beijing Municipal Environmental Protection Bureau, the Beijing-based standard for light-duty vehicles adopts a mature standard system. At present, the US market has corresponding standards for compliance. Automobile companies can produce and supply standard vehicles within a certain period of time, and vehicle costs will not be after mass production. Significantly increased; the cost of the heavy-duty Beijing-Shenzhen engine increased by 20,000 to 30,000 yuan compared with the ordinary five-engine engine, and the cost of the engine of Beijing Tejing five increased by 10,000 to 15,000 yuan. The vehicle that meets the Beijing Six standard, as well as the vehicle with remote emission management, increases the cost by about 1,000 to 2,000 yuan. Therefore, the cost of upgrading the vehicle from the national five to Jingliu is roughly between 11,000 and 32,000 yuan.

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